:root{--ink:#171a1d;--muted:#586069;--orange:#ff7c35;--paper:#f5f6f7;--line:#d7dbdf}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:30px}body{margin:0;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-size:16px;line-height:1.6}a{color:inherit}a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--orange);outline-offset:6px}.skip{position:fixed;top:-100px;background:white;padding:12px;z-index:5}.skip:focus{top:10px}.site-header{min-height:108px;padding:24px 5.5%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff20}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:.11em;font-size:23px;line-height:1.1}.brand-mark{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:39px;height:43px;color:var(--orange);border:2px solid var(--orange);font-size:30px;letter-spacing:0}.brand-sub{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.22em;margin-top:7px}.site-header nav{display:flex;gap:32px}.site-header nav a{text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;color:#d0d5d8}.site-header nav a:hover,footer a:hover{color:var(--orange)}.header-label{font-size:12px;color:#aeb5b9;letter-spacing:.12em}.hero{background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:65px 5.5% 60px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr 1fr;gap:7%;align-items:center}.eyebrow{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.13em;color:#b8c0c5;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 25px}.eyebrow span{display:inline-block;width:8px;height:8px;background:var(--orange);margin-right:7px}.eyebrow.dark{color:#67717b}h1{font-size:clamp(44px,5.1vw,76px);line-height:1.04;letter-spacing:-.045em;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 28px}h1 span{color:var(--orange)}.lead{font-size:20px;color:#c1c7cc;max-width:470px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 32px}.button{display:inline-flex;padding:13px 23px;background:var(--orange);color:#14171a;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;border:1px solid var(--orange)}.button:hover{background:#ff995f}.hero-note{display:flex;gap:25px;border-top:1px solid #ffffff26;max-width:470px;padding-top:23px;margin-top:38px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:#aeb7be}.hero-note>span:first-child{color:white;min-width:85px}.geometry-panel{border:1px solid #4b5155;background:#1c2024}.panel-heading{padding:17px 20px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#c0c8cc;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff17}.panel-heading>span:last-child{color:var(--orange)}.geometry-panel svg{width:100%;display:block}.diagram-caption{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin:0 22px}.diagram-caption p{margin:0;font-size:14px;color:#e0e5e8;line-height:1.5}.line-key{width:28px;height:2px;background:var(--orange);flex-shrink:0}.figure-note{font-size:12px;color:#969fa6;margin:16px 22px 20px}.subject-strip{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:23px 5.5%;background:var(--orange);font-size:12px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.08em}.section{padding:85px 5.5%}.section-intro{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr;gap:9%;align-items:end;margin-bottom:45px}h2{font-size:clamp(31px,3.1vw,44px);letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.13;margin:0;font-weight:600}.section-intro>p{font-size:17px;color:var(--muted);margin:0;max-width:500px}.research-list{border-top:1px solid var(--ink)}.research-list article{padding:32px 0;display:flex;gap:35px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-number{font-size:15px;font-family:monospace;color:#78818a;min-width:45px;padding-top:2px}.article-body{flex:1}.article-meta{display:flex;gap:20px;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:11px;font-weight:bold;color:#69737c;letter-spacing:.09em}.article-meta>span:last-child{border:1px solid #bcc3c8;padding:1px 7px;font-size:10px}h3{font-size:25px;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:14px 0 12px}.article-body>p{color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 20px;max-width:770px}summary{display:inline-flex;gap:15px;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;list-style:none;padding:4px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #bdc4ca}summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}summary:after{content:'+';font-size:20px;color:#bb4e12}details[open] summary:after{content:'−'}.note{background:#fff;border-left:3px solid var(--orange);padding:25px 30px;margin-top:24px;max-width:850px}.note h4{font-size:18px;margin:0 0 10px}.note p{margin:0 0 20px;color:#434c55}.note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.note .question{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}.research-status{font-size:13px;color:#68727a;margin:24px 0 0}.approach{background:var(--ink);color:#f4f6f8}.approach .section-intro>p{color:#b9c1c7}.principles{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:35px;margin-top:55px}.principles>div{border-top:1px solid #ffffff36;padding-top:24px}.principles span{font-size:12px;color:var(--orange);letter-spacing:.12em}.principles h3{font-size:22px;margin-top:23px}.principles p{color:#b9c1c7;margin:0}.references{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:9%;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.references h2{font-size:35px}.references>div>p:last-child{color:var(--muted);max-width:440px}.source-list a{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid #a6afb7}.source-list a:hover>span{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#dc6527;text-underline-offset:4px}.source-list a>span{font-size:18px;font-weight:700}.source-list p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0}.source-list small{font-size:12px;color:#8a431c}.about-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:9%}.about-grid h3{margin-top:0;font-size:23px}.about-grid p{color:var(--muted);max-width:540px}footer{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;padding:35px 5.5%;background:var(--ink);color:#b9c1c7}footer p,footer>a:last-child{font-size:13px}footer .brand{color:white;font-size:20px}footer>a:last-child{text-decoration:none}@media(min-width:1500px){.site-header,.hero,.subject-strip,.section,footer{padding-left:max(5.5%,calc((100vw - 1360px)/2));padding-right:max(5.5%,calc((100vw - 1360px)/2))}}@media(max-width:950px){.header-label{display:none}.hero{gap:4%;padding-top:45px}.hero-note{flex-direction:column;gap:10px}.panel-heading{flex-direction:column}.section{padding-top:60px;padding-bottom:60px}.section-intro{gap:6%}.principles{gap:25px}}@media(max-width:700px){.site-header{padding:22px 6%;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:25px}.site-header nav{gap:24px}.brand{font-size:20px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:44px 6%;gap:40px}h1{font-size:clamp(42px,9vw,64px)}.lead{font-size:18px}.hero-note{flex-direction:row}.geometry-panel{max-width:500px}.panel-heading{flex-direction:row;font-size:10px}.subject-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;padding:22px 6%;font-size:11px;gap:14px}.section{padding:50px 6%}.section-intro,.references,.about-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.section-intro{margin-bottom:30px}.research-list article{gap:14px;padding:25px 0}.article-number{min-width:23px}.article-meta{font-size:10px;gap:9px}h3{font-size:23px}.note{padding:22px 19px}.principles{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin-top:35px;gap:30px}.principles h3{margin-top:14px}.source-list{margin-top:10px}footer{flex-wrap:wrap;padding:30px 6%}footer p{margin:0}footer>a:last-child{width:100%}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}}

.knowledge{padding-top:30px}.knowledge-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:50px;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--orange);padding:36px}.document-label{font-size:12px;color:#6a7279;letter-spacing:.09em}.knowledge-card h3{font-size:32px}.knowledge-card p{color:var(--muted)}.document-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:22px;margin-top:28px}.document-actions>a:last-child{font-size:14px;text-underline-offset:4px}.knowledge-scope{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:35px}.knowledge-scope h4{font-size:17px;margin:0 0 9px}.knowledge-scope p{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 22px}.knowledge-scope p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media(max-width:700px){.knowledge-card{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px;padding:25px}.knowledge-scope{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:25px 0 0}.site-header nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px}.document-actions{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}}

.papers{padding-top:25px}.paper-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:25px}.paper-card{background:white;padding:32px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--orange);display:flex;flex-direction:column}.paper-card h3{font-size:28px}.paper-card>p{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:20px}.paper-card .document-actions{margin-top:auto;padding-top:15px}.site-header nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:24px}@media(max-width:700px){.paper-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.paper-card{padding:25px}.site-header nav{gap:18px}}

.hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px;flex-wrap:wrap}.secondary-link{font-size:15px;text-underline-offset:5px}.full-explanation{display:inline-block;margin:12px 0 16px;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;text-underline-offset:5px;color:#9b3d0b}details>.full-explanation{margin-left:22px}.article-hero{background:var(--ink);padding:35px 6% 55px;color:white}.breadcrumb{font-size:14px;color:#b9c1c7;margin-bottom:38px}.breadcrumb a{text-decoration:none}.article-hero h1{max-width:1000px;font-size:clamp(38px,4.5vw,64px);line-height:1.1}.article-hero .lead{max-width:840px;margin-bottom:0}.reading-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,780px);gap:65px;max-width:1240px;margin:0 auto;padding:55px 35px 85px}.reading-nav{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:25px}.reading-nav p{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#69747c;margin:0 0 15px}.reading-nav a{display:block;font-size:15px;text-decoration:none;padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.reading-nav a:hover{color:#ad4510}.long-read{font-size:18px;line-height:1.75;min-width:0}.long-read>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.long-read p{margin:0 0 23px}.long-read h2{font-size:29px;margin:42px 0 19px;line-height:1.2}.long-read strong{font-weight:700}.long-read li{margin:8px 0}.formula{padding:16px 22px;background:white;border-left:3px solid var(--orange);font-family:monospace;font-size:21px;margin:20px 0}.source-box{margin-top:45px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:0}.source-box h2{font-size:23px}.source-box a,.next-reading{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;text-underline-offset:4px}.next-reading{display:block;margin-top:35px;padding-top:25px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.service-section{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0}.service-section h2{margin:10px 0 18px}.service-number{font-size:14px;font-family:monospace;color:#9b3d0b}.service-section ul{padding-left:23px}.scope-note{background:#fff;padding:18px;border-left:3px solid var(--orange);font-size:16px}@media(max-width:900px){.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px;padding-left:6%;padding-right:6%}.header-label{display:none}}@media(max-width:700px){.article-hero{padding:27px 6% 40px}.article-hero h1{font-size:39px}.breadcrumb{margin-bottom:28px}.reading-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding-top:30px;gap:35px}.reading-nav{position:static;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:18px}.reading-nav p{width:100%;margin-bottom:0}.reading-nav a{border:0;font-size:14px;padding:4px 0}.long-read{font-size:17px}.long-read h2{font-size:26px}.hero-actions{gap:20px}details>.full-explanation{display:block;margin-left:0}.site-header nav{gap:18px}}@media print{.site-header,.reading-nav,footer,.skip,.next-reading{display:none}.article-hero{background:white;color:black;padding:0}.article-hero .lead,.article-hero .eyebrow{color:black}.breadcrumb{display:none}.article-hero h1{font-size:30px}.reading-layout{display:block;padding:20px 0}.long-read{font-size:11pt;line-height:1.5}.long-read h2{font-size:17pt;break-after:avoid}.long-read p{orphans:3;widows:3}.source-box{break-inside:avoid}}

.logo-crop{display:block;width:250px;flex-shrink:0;background:#fff;border-radius:6px;padding:8px}.logo-crop img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.site-header{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px;gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap}.site-header .brand{flex-shrink:0}footer .logo-crop{width:210px}@media(max-width:700px){.site-header .logo-crop{width:220px}.site-header{gap:18px}.site-header nav{flex:1;min-width:180px}.site-header .brand{margin-right:12px}}